CEN/CLC/JTC 2

Power Engineering

Joint CEN/CENELEC steering coordination and programming group entrusted: a) with the task to manage the different project teams to develop guides for procurement and submit them through the secretariat to the common CEN/CENELEC procedures. b) and with the task to make a survey of supporting standards needed, identifying the existing and missing standards as well as the responsible CEN or CENELEC technical committee for their drafting or redrafting.

P member

CEN/CLC/JWG 1

Energy audits

P member

CEN/CLC/JWG 2

Guarantees of origin and Energy certificates

Standardization on guarantees of origin for trading and/or disclosure/labelling of electricity and CHP and on energy certificates

P member

CEN/SS F23

Energy

P member

CEN/CLC/JTC 14

Energy management and energy efficiency in the framework of energy transition

Standardization in the field of energy management within the energy transition framework in close coordination with CEN/CENELEC sectorial strategy including, but not limited to, subjects such as: -Energy management systems -Energy audits -Energy efficiency and energy performance improvement -Energy and savings calculation methodologies -Energy efficiency improvement financing (For example: Valuation of Energy Related Investments, Energy Performance Contracting minimum requirements, etc.) -Energy services providers -Energy measurement and monitoring -Role of enabling technologies and RES within the energy management and energy efficiency framework Taking into account the horizontal role of JTC 14 and in order to avoid overlap with scopes of other TCs, the following fields are excluded from the scope: -Specific technologies or systems activities within the scope of other CEN, CENELEC or Joint CEN-CENELEC TCs, -Environmental issues.

P member

CEN/CLC/JTC 15

Energy measurement plan for organizations

Development of a European standard which specifies the requirements and methodology for the design and implementation of an energy measurement plan for an organization in order to improve its energy efficiency.

P member

CLC/SR 28

Insulation co-ordination

P member

CLC/SR 32A

High-voltage fuses

P member

CLC/SR 36

Insulators

P member

CLC/SR 36B

Insulators for overhead lines

P member

CLC/SR 36C

Insulators for substations

P member

CLC/SR 37

Surge arresters

P member

CLC/SR 42

High-voltage and high-current test techniques

P member

CLC/SR 68

Magnetic alloys and steels

P member

CLC/SR 73

Short-circuit currents

P member

CLC/SR 96

Transformers, reactors, power supply units, and combinations thereof

P member

CLC/TC 11

Overhead electrical lines exceeding 1 kV a.c. (1,5 kV d.c.)

To prepare harmonized standard for overhead electrical lines. The standard(s) will specify the general requirements that should be met by the design and construction of an overhead line to ensure that the line is suitable for its purpose with regard to safety of persons, maintenance, operation and environmental consideration. CENELEC, CEN, IEC publications and other relevant documents have to be considered.

P member

CLC/TC 13

Electrical energy measurement and control

Standardization in the field for metering equipment and systems (using whenever possible IEC standards), including smart metering systems, for electrical energy measurement, tariff- and load control, customer information and payment, for use in power stations, along the network and at energy end users, as well as to prepare international standards for meter test equipment and methods. Excluded: Standardization for the interface of metering equipment for interconnection lines and industrial consumers and producers requiring energy management type interfaces to the control system, covered by IEC/TC 57

P member

CLC/TC 14

Power transformers

Standardization in the field of power transformers, tap-changers and reactors for use in power generation, transmission and distribution. Generally these transformers have power ratings above 1 kVA single phase and 5 kVA polyphase with a higher voltage winding of 1 000 V or more, however the scope includes lower voltage transformers and regulators used in power delivery applications. Excluded: - Instrument transformers - Testing transformers - Traction transformers mounted on rolling stock - Welding transformers - Transformers for applications covered by TC 96.

P member

CLC/TC 17AC

High-voltage switchgear and controlgear

To prepare harmonized standards for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear including their assemblies for rated voltages above AC 1 kV or above DC 1,5 kV. Note : In general, relevant IEC standards will be transposed into EN via the Dresden Agreement. To prepare and revise harmonized standards for enclosures of gas-filled high-voltage switchgear having a design pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. To observe and support European activities related to standardization in the field of high voltage switchgear and controlgear in order to ensure the availability of EN suitable to cover the essential requirements of European Directives.

P member

CLC/TC 36A

Insulated bushings

To prepare harmonized standards for bushings for use in electrical apparatus, transformers and installations.

P member

CLC/TC 78

Equipment and tools for live working

To prepare CENELEC standards for work equipment, devices and tools, including personal protective equipment used for work on or near live electrical systems or installations.

P member

CLC/TC 82

Solar photovoltaic energy systems

To prepare European Standards for systems of and components for photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electrical energy and for all elements in the entire photovoltaic energy system. The standards will deal with EMC, Machine, CPD and LVD directives. The CLC/TC 82 will especially develop standards in areas where there are special European concerns. The CLC/TC 82 will cooperate closely with IEC TC 82 and the National Committees. The aim will be to support the accelerated market introduction by harmonization of standards.

P member

CLC/TC 88

Wind turbines

Standardisation in the field of wind energy generation systems including wind turbines, wind power plants onshore and offshore and interaction with the electrical system(s) to which energy is supplied. These standards address site suitability and resource assessment, design requirements, engineering integrity, modelling requirements, measurement techniques, test procedures, operation and maintenance. Their purpose is to provide a basis for design, quality assurance and technical aspects for certification. The standards address site-specific conditions, all systems and subsystems of wind turbines and wind power plants, such as mechanical, and electrical systems, support structures, control and protection as well as communication systems for monitoring, centralised and distributed control and evaluation, implementation of grid connection requirements for wind power plants, and environmental aspects of wind power development. The TC 88 standards will be developed based on and in agreement with appropriate EN/IEC/ISO standards

P member

CLC/TC 8X

System aspects of electrical energy supply

To prepare the necessary standards framework and coordinate the development, in cooperation with other TC/SCs, of CENELEC standards needed to facilitate the functioning of electricity supply systems in open markets.

P member

CLC/TC 99X

Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c. (1,5 kV d.c.)

To prepare harmonized standards for high voltage power installations (exceeding 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c.) located indoors or outdoors, including earthing. The standards will specify the design requirements of the installations, and the selection and erection of electrical equipment in order to ensure the safety of persons and the proper operation of the installations. The standards will not be applicable to factory built and type tested equipment, but will be relevant to the installation of this equipment. The standards will not be applicable to overhead and underground lines between separate installations.

P member

CLC/TC 57

Power systems management and associated information exchange

To prepare international standards for power systems control equipment and systems including EMS (Energy Management Systems), SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), distribution automation, teleprotection, and associated information exchange for real-time and non-real-time information, used in the planning, operation and maintenance of power systems. Power systems management comprises control within control centres, substations and individual pieces of primary equipment including telecontrol and interfaces to equipment, systems and databases, which may be outside the scope of TC 57. The special conditions in a high voltage environment have to be taken into consideration. NOTE 1: Standards prepared by other technical committees of the IEC and organizations such as ITU and ISO shall be used where applicable. NOTE 2: Although the work of TC 57 is chiefly concerned with standards for electric power systems, these standards may also be useful for application by the relevant bodies to other geographical widespread processes. NOTE3: Whereas standards related to measuring and protection relays and to the control and monitoring equipment used with these systems are treated by TC 95, TC 57 deals with the interface to the control systems and the transmission aspects for teleprotection systems. Whereas standards related to equipment for electrical measurement and load control are treated by TC 13, TC 57 deals with the interface of equipment for interconnection lines and industrial consumers and producers requiring energy management type interfaces to the control system

P member

CLC/TC 38

Instrument transformers

To prepare European Standards (using whenever possible IEC Standards) in the field of AC and/or DC current and/or voltage instrument transformers, including their subparts like (but not limited to) sensing devices, signal treatment, data conversion and analog or digital interfacing.

P member

CEN/CLC/JWG 2

Guarantees of origin and Energy certificates

Standardization on guarantees of origin for trading and/or disclosure/labelling of electricity and CHP and on energy certificates

P member

CEN/CLC/JTC 2

Power Engineering

Joint CEN/CENELEC steering coordination and programming group entrusted: a) with the task to manage the different project teams to develop guides for procurement and submit them through the secretariat to the common CEN/CENELEC procedures. b) and with the task to make a survey of supporting standards needed, identifying the existing and missing standards as well as the responsible CEN or CENELEC technical committee for their drafting or redrafting.

P member

CLC/TC 94

Relays

To prepare and maintain specifications relating to electrical relays in accordance with the requirements of document CECC 00 111, for use within the CECC system for the quality assessment of electronic components.

P member

CLC/SR 94

All-or-nothing electrical relays

P member

CLC/TC 95X

Measuring relays and protection equipment

Standardization, in link with mandate M/490, of measuring relays and protection equipment used in the various fields of electrical engineering covered by CENELEC, taking into account combinations of devices to form schemes for power system protection including the control, monitoring and process interface equipment used with those systems. Moreover, works on standards for electrical connection to ensure energy availability and security, in presence of a high ratio of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and allowing connected generators to participate to new ways of operating grid (e.g. associated in VPPs or micro grids)". Excluded are the following: All devices covered by standards prepared by other CENELEC technical committees, for example instrument transformers.

P member

CLC/SR 27

Industrial electroheating and electromagnetic processing

Standardization in the field of industrial equipment and installations intended for electroheating, electromagnetic processing of materials and electroheat based treatment technologies Note: The scope of interest covers industrial installations with the use of the following equipment: - equipment for direct and indirect resistance heating; equipment for electric resistance trace heating; - equipment for induction heating; - equipment using the effect of electromagnetic forces on materials; - equipment for arc heating, including submerged arc heating; - equipment for electroslag remelting; - equipment for plasma heating; - equipment for microwave heating; - equipment for dielectric heating; - equipment for electron beam heating; - equipment for laser heating; - equipment for infrared radiation heating. The list presents typical examples of equipment and its applications and is not exhaustive.

P member

CLC/BTTF 132-2

Revision of EN 50156 "Electrical equipment for furnaces and ancillary equipment"

To revise EN 50156

P member

CLC/BTTF 146-1

Losses of small transformers : methods of measurement, marking and other requirements related to eco-design regulation

To prepare a standard dealing with the measurement of the load and of the no load losses for general purpose small power transformers with a highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 1 kV, and other requirements related to eco design regulation.

P member

CLC/SR 23K

Electrical energy efficiency products

P member

CLC/SR 32

Fuses

P member

CLC/SR 117

Solar thermal electric plants

P member

CLC/SR 118

Smart grid user interface

Standardization in the field of information exchange for demand response and in connecting demand side equipment and/or systems into the smart grid

P member

CLC/SR 120

Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Systems

P member

CLC/SR 122

UHV AC transmission systems

P member

CEN/CLC/JTC 14

Energy management and energy efficiency in the framework of energy transition

Standardization in the field of energy management within the energy transition framework in close coordination with CEN/CENELEC sectorial strategy including, but not limited to, subjects such as: -Energy management systems -Energy audits -Energy efficiency and energy performance improvement -Energy and savings calculation methodologies -Energy efficiency improvement financing (For example: Valuation of Energy Related Investments, Energy Performance Contracting minimum requirements, etc.) -Energy services providers -Energy measurement and monitoring -Role of enabling technologies and RES within the energy management and energy efficiency framework Taking into account the horizontal role of JTC 14 and in order to avoid overlap with scopes of other TCs, the following fields are excluded from the scope: -Specific technologies or systems activities within the scope of other CEN, CENELEC or Joint CEN-CENELEC TCs, -Environmental issues.

P member

CEN/CLC/JTC 15

Energy measurement plan for organizations

Development of a European standard which specifies the requirements and methodology for the design and implementation of an energy measurement plan for an organization in order to improve its energy efficiency.

P member

ISO/IEC JPC 2

Joint Project Committee - Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources - Common terminology

Standardization in the field of Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources - Common

O member

ISO/TC 301

Energy management and energy savings

Standardization in the field of energy management and energy savings

O member

TC 17/SC 17A

Switching devices

To prepare international standards, technical specifications and technical reports related to switching devices having a rated voltage above 1 kV a.c and/or above 1,5 kV d.c.

O member

TC 17/SC 17C

Assemblies

To prepare international standards, technical specifications and technical reports related to assemblies incorporating one or more switching devices having a rated voltage above 1 kV a.c. and/or above 1,5 kV d.c. Assemblies may include associated control, digital communication, measuring, signaling, protective, regulating and other equipment. Gas insulated transmission lines and interfaces with cables, overhead lines, power transformers etc. are also part of the scope of SC 17C.

O member

TC 32/SC 32A

High-voltage fuses

Standardization of specific requirements for high-voltage fuses designed for use on alternating current systems of 50Hz and 60Hz.

O member

TC 36/SC 36A

Insulated bushings

Standardization of insulated bushings, and of couplings of these insulators.

O member

TC 37/SC 37B

Components for low-voltage surge protection

To prepare international standards for components for low-voltage surge protection. These SPCs (surge protection components) are used in power, telecommunication and/or signalling networks with voltages up to 1000 V a.c. and 1500 V d.c.

O member

TC 11

Overhead lines

To prepare International Standards for Overhead Lines above 1 kV AC and 1.5 kV DC Nominal Voltage, excluding railway traction supports and line materials. These Standards will provide design criteria that may serve as a guide to national regulations differing from each other only in the local conditions and in the assumed safety level. These Standards will deal with mechanical loadings and strength of the line, with clearances and with tests on supports, fittings and foundations. Including design requirements for supports and foundations to be able withstand the required mechanical loadings. Excluding Recommendations dealing with tests on conductors and insulators established respectively by Technical Committees Nos 7 and 36.?

O member

TC 13

Electrical energy measurement and control

Standardization in the field of a.c. and d.c. electrical energy measurement and control, for smart metering equipment and systems forming part of smart grids, used in power stations, along the network, and at energy users and producers, as well as to prepare international standards for meter test equipment and methods. Excluded: Standardization for the interface of metering equipment for interconnection lines and industrial consumers and producers (covered by TC 57)..

O member

TC 14

Power transformers

Standardization in the field of power transformers, tap-changers and reactors for use in power generation, transmission and distribution. Generally these transformers have power ratings above 1 kVA single phase and 5 kVA polyphase with a higher voltage winding of 1000 V or more, however the scope includes lower voltage transformers and regulators used in power delivery applications.<br /> Excluded:<br /> - Instrument transformers<br /> - Testing transformers<br /> - Traction transformers mounted on rolling stock<br /> - Welding transformers<br /> - Transformers for applications covered by TC 96.

O member

TC 17

High-voltage switchgear and controlgear

To prepare standards, technical specifications and technical reports covering high-voltage switchgear and controlgear as well as their assemblies having a rated voltage above 1 kV a.c. and 1,5 kV d.c., together with associated control digital communication, measuring, signaling, protective, regulating and other equipment.

O member

TC 28

Insulation co-ordination

For power systems with nominal voltages above 1000 V a.c. and 1500 V d.c., to prepare international standards regarding: 1. A set of definitions used for insulation standardization and co-ordination. 2. The basic principles of insulation co-ordination. 3. The fields of application 4. The specification of a series of standard insulation levels (without regard to any particular type of equipment). 5. A full statement of the tests to be included in the specification of the equipment to meet the insulation levels to be used in relation to the possibilities of overvoltage protective devices. 6. Recommendations for the minimum clearance distance in air between live parts. 7. An application guide for the users of electrical equipment recommending the insulation levels to be used in relation to the possibilities of overvoltage protective devices.

O member

TC 36

Insulators

Standardization of insulators for high voltage systems and equipment including bushings, insulators for overhead lines and substations and their couplings.

O member

TC 37

Surge arresters

To prepare international standards regarding:<br /> - Specifications for surge arresters and other surge protective devices (SPDs)<br /> - The choice of arresters to provide adequate protection of the system with satisfactory reliability, and the definitions of conditions of use enabling this result to be obtained

O member

TC 38

Instrument transformers

Standardisation in the field of AC and/or DC current and/or voltage instrument transformers, including their subparts like (but not limited to) sensing devices, signal treatment, data conversion and analog or digital interfacing.

O member

TC 42

High-voltage and high-current test techniques

To deal with high-voltage test techniques and to prepare international standards for different types of tests belonging thereto such as high-voltage a.c., d.c. and impulse tests and high-current impulse tests.

O member

TC 57

Power systems management and associated information exchange

To prepare international standards for power systems control equipment and systems including EMS (Energy Management Systems), SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), distribution automation, teleprotection, and associated information exchange for real-time and non-real-time information, used in the planning, operation and maintenance of power systems. Power systems management comprises control within control centres, substations and individual pieces of primary equipment including telecontrol and interfaces to equipment, systems and databases, which may be outside the scope of TC 57. The special conditions in a high voltage environment have to be taken into consideration.<br /> Note 1: Standards prepared by other technical committees of the IEC and organizations such as ITU and ISO shall be used where applicable.<br /> Note 2: Although the work of TC 57 is chiefly concerned with standards for electric power systems, these standards may also be useful for application by the relevant bodies to other geographical widespread processes.<br /> Note 3: Whereas standards related to measuring and protection relays and to the control and monitoring equipment used with these systems are treated by TC 95, TC 57 deals with the interface to the control systems and the transmission aspects for teleprotection systems. Whereas standards related to equipment for electrical measurement and load control are treated by TC 13, TC 57 deals with the interface of equipment for interconnection lines and industrial consumers and producers requiring energy management type interfaces to the control system.

O member

TC 68

Magnetic alloys and steels

To prepare international standards relating to the magnetic and other physical properties of alloys and steels which are relevant to their electrotechnical usage.<br /> <br /> NOTE: The work of TC 68 should be at all times co-ordinated with the activities of IEC/TC 51 and ISO/TC 17.

O member

TC 73

Short-circuit currents

To prepare international standards for standardized procedures for the calculation of short-circuit currents, and of their thermal and mechanical effects. The standards shall be, as far as possible, in a form to facilitate their use by non-specialist engineers.

O member

TC 78

Live working

To prepare International standards for tools, equipment and devices for utilization in Live Working, including their performance requirements, care and maintenance. Excluded: Work practices and methods for Live Working.<br /> <br /> To prepare technical publications related to the utilization of tools, equipment and devices on, and in the vicinity of, live parts of electrical installations and systems.

O member

TC 8

System aspects of electrical energy supply

To prepare and coordinate, in co-operation with other TC/SCs, the development of international standards and other deliverables with emphasis on overall system aspects of electricity supply systems and acceptable balance between cost and quality for the users of electrical energy. Electricity supply system encompasses transmission and distribution networks, generators and loads with their network interfaces . This scope includes, but is not limited to, standardization in the field of:<br /> - Terminology for the electricity supply sector,<br /> - Characteristics of electricity supplied by public networks,<br /> - Network management from a system perspective,<br /> - Connection of network users (generators and loads) and grid integration,<br /> - Design and management of de-centralized electricity supply systems e.g. microgrids, systems for rural electrification.<br /> While relying on efficient and secure data communication and exchange, TC 8’s scope does not include standards for communication with appliances and equipment connected to the electric grid or for communication infrastructure serving the electric grid. TC 8 is responsible for the maintenance of basic publications (horizontal standards) on standard voltages, currents and frequencies ensuring the consistency of the IEC publications in these fields. TC 8 cooperates also with several organizations active in the field of electricity supply such as CIGRE, CIRED, IEEE, AFSEC, IEA.

O member

TC 82

Solar photovoltaic energy systems

To prepare international standards for systems of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electrical energy and for all the elements in the entire photovoltaic energy system. In this context, the concept "photovoltaic energy system" includes the entire field from light input to a photovoltaic cell to and including the interface with the electrical system(s) to which energy is supplied.<br /> <br /> NOTE: It is recognized that there is some common interest between TC 47 and TC 82, therefore these two Committees shall maintain liaison.

O member

TC 88

Wind energy generation systems

Standardization in the field of wind energy generation systems including wind turbines, wind power plants onshore and offshore and interaction with the electrical system(s) to which energy is supplied.<br /> <br /> These standards address site suitability and resource assessment, design requirements, engineering integrity, modeling requirements, measurement techniques, test procedures, operation and maintenance.<br /> <br /> Their purpose is to provide a basis for design, quality assurance and technical aspects for certification. The standards address site-specific conditions, all systems and subsystems of wind turbines and wind power plants, such as mechanical, and electrical systems, support structures, control and protection as well as communication systems for monitoring, centralized and distributed control and evaluation, implementation of grid connection requirements for wind power plants, and environmental aspects of wind power development.<br /> <br /> The TC 88 standards will be developed based on and in agreement with appropriate IEC/ISO standards.

O member

TC 94

All-or-nothing electrical relays

To prepare international standards applicable to all-or-nothing electrical relays used in the various fields of Electrical Engineering covered by the IEC, normally produced in very large numbers as components of electromechanical or electronic equipment and eventually submitted to Quality Assurance requirements based on sampling techniques.

O member

TC 95

Measuring relays and protection equipment

Standardisation of measuring relays and protection equipment used in various fields of electrical engineering covered by IEC, taking into a ccount combinations of devices to form schemes for power system protection including the control, monitoring and process interface equipment used with those systems.<br /> <br /> Excluded are the following: all devices covered by standards prepared by other IEC Technical Committees, for example instrument transformers (TC 38)

O member

TC 96

Transformers, reactors, power supply units, and combinations thereof

Standardization in the field of safety, EMC, EMF, energy efficiency and environmental aspects of transformers, reactors, power supply units, and combinations thereof. The standardization does not cover transformers, reactors and power supply units intended to be a part of distribution networks (covered by TC 14).<br /> TC 96 has group safety function in accordance with IEC Guide 104 for transformers other than those intended to supply distribution networks, in particular transformers and power supply units intended to allow the application of protective measures against electric shock as defined by TC 64, with no limitation of rated output power, but in certain cases including limitation of voltage.<br /> The general limitations for voltages are:<br /> - rated supply voltage not exceeding 1 000 V a.c.;<br /> - rated output voltage not exceeding 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V ripple free d.c.; however, internal voltages may exceed 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V ripple free d.c. For high-voltage applications, other than distribution networks (covered by TC 14), the rated output voltage can exceed 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V ripple free d.c. but the no load output voltage shall not exceed 15 000 V a.c. or 15 000 V d.c.<br /> The general limitations for the rated output are:<br /> - The maximum rated output depends on the type of transformer or linear power supply unit does in most cases not exceed 25 kVA for single-phase products and 40 kVA for three phase products;<br /> - the maximum rated output does not exceed 1 kVA for both single-phase and three phase Switch Mode Power Supplies;<br /> - the general limitations for the rated core power are 25 kVA for single-phase auto transformers and 40 kVA for three phase auto transformers;<br /> - the general limitations for the rated power are 50 kvar for single-phase reactors and 80 kvar for three phase reactors. For special transformers, reactors and power supply units and combinations thereof there are no limitation of rated output, rated core power and rated power.

O member

TC 99

Insulation co-ordination and system engineering of high voltage electrical power installations above 1,0 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC

Standardisation of -<br /> <br /> a) insulation co-ordination for high voltage systems in specifying basic principles of insulation co-ordination, definitions and standard insulation levels for all type of electrical equipment considering field of applications, minimum air clearances, test requirements and test procedures; and<br /> <br /> b) common rules and particular requirements for system engineering and erection of high voltage electrical power installations for power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumer premises, in both indoor and outdoor situations, with particular consideration of safety aspects

O member

TC 32

Fuses

To prepare international standards regarding specifications of all types of fuses, with the object of determining:<br /> 1. The characteristics which are essential in specifying the conditions for installation and operation of the fuses.<br /> 2. The requirements to be met by the fuses and the tests designed to ascertain their compliance with such requirements as well as the procedures to be followed for these tests;<br /> 3. Markings.<br /> <br /> To prepare for these fuses international standards for standard value of:<br /> 1. characteristics: rated voltages, currents and breaking capacities;<br /> 2. dimensions in connection with the fixing and interchangeability of high-voltage and low-voltage fuses.

O member

TC 27

Industrial electroheating and electromagnetic processing

Standardization in the field of industrial equipment and installations intended for electroheating, electromagnetic processing of materials and electroheat based treatment technologies Note: The scope of interest covers industrial installations with the use of the following equipment: - equipment for direct and indirect resistance heating; - equipment for electric resistance trace heating; - equipment for induction heating; - equipment using the effect of EM forces on materials; - equipment for arc heating, including submerged arc heating; - equipment for electroslag remelting; - equipment for plasma heating; - equipment for microwave heating; - equipment for dielectric heating; - equipment for electron beam heating; - equipment for laser heating; - equipment for infrared radiation heating. The list presents typical examples of equipment and its applications and is not exhaustive.

O member